Hypoglycaemia
Recognise sweating, confusion or altered behaviour in a person at risk. Check glucose if available and follow local emergency protocol according to consciousness.
Understand
Hypoglycaemia can present with sweating, tremor, behavioural change, confusion, seizure or reduced consciousness. It is particularly relevant with insulin or some glucose-lowering drugs.
Assess
Check capillary glucose if available without delaying immediate care. Determine whether the person can swallow safely and ask about recent meals and medication.
Apply
Treat according to consciousness and the current emergency protocol, monitor recovery and arrange further care if needed. Never give oral food or drink to someone unable to protect the airway.
Key distinctions
Insulin and some other glucose-lowering agents increase hypoglycaemia risk when meals are delayed. Symptoms may be behavioural before a patient can explain what is wrong. A conscious person who can swallow is managed differently from one with impaired consciousness, so assess airway protection before oral treatment. Follow the current emergency protocol and monitor for recurrence or the need for medical review.
Think through a case
A diabetic patient becomes confused and sweaty during a delayed appointment. Treat this as potential hypoglycaemia while checking glucose if available.
The distinction to remember
Do not give oral glucose to someone with impaired swallowing or delay care while searching for a monitor.
Test your recall
Why should oral glucose not be given to someone who cannot swallow safely?
Show answer
Aspiration risk.